Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spores?

Spores are a vital part of the reproductive process for many plants, fungi, and some bacteria. They serve as a means of reproduction and can be released to grow into new organisms when conditions are favorable. The correct answer not being a characteristic of spores is due to the fact that not all spores contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is specifically associated with photosynthetic organisms, like green plants and some algae, which utilize sunlight to produce energy.

However, many types of spores, especially those from fungi or non-vascular plants, do not contain chlorophyll and do not perform photosynthesis. Their development relies instead on other processes for energy and nutrients. Therefore, the claim that spores "always contain chlorophyll" is not factual, making it the correct choice in this context.

The other characteristics listed, such as being reproductive cells, having a hard protective coating, and being involved in the life cycles of ferns and mosses, accurately describe the nature of spores and their roles in reproduction and survival in diverse environments.