Which of the following are examples of vascular emersed plants?

Vascular emersed plants are those that have a vascular system and can grow both in water and on land, typically featuring structures that allow them to thrive in wetland environments. Cattails and yellow waterlilies are excellent examples of vascular emersed plants.

Cattails have long, upright stems that rise above the water's surface, allowing them to photosynthesize effectively in sunlight while also being adapted to saturated soil conditions. Yellow waterlilies exhibit similar characteristics, as they have leaves and flowers that emerge above the water, thus classifying them as emersed plants.

In contrast, the other listed examples are primarily either fully submerged aquatic plants or floating plants, which do not possess the necessary adaptations to thrive in both terrestrial and aquatic settings as emersed plants do. This distinction is key to understanding the classification of various aquatic species.